TECH Transfer & Scale up
TECH TRANSFER AND SCALE UP
Scalability within the CPC Framework
Scaling conventional chromatography from R&D to industrial production is one of the biggest challenges in industry, especially in downstream processing. As columns grow larger, pressure limitations, peak broadening, and reduced separation efficiency become increasingly difficult to manage. Peaks that were cleanly resolved on an analytical column can overlap at scale, leading to loss of purity, lower yield, and unpredictable performance.
Large, packed columns also suffer from media saturation, fouling, and clogging, especially during continuous use. Stationary phases degrade over time, lose binding capacity, and eventually require replacement. For many processes, this results in increasing costs for resins, column repacking, downtime, and waste disposal. These factors make industrial scalability in chromatography nonlinear, costly, and difficult to reproduce, even when early-stage development appears successful.
Centrifugal Partition Chromatography (CPC) eliminates these scalability barriers entirely. As a solid-free, liquid–liquid purification technology, CPC contains no resin, no packed bed, and no solid stationary phase to clog or degrade.
CPC offers both vertical and horizontal scalability, meaning methods can be increased in capacity by using larger rotors (scale-up) or by running multiple rotors in parallel (scale-out). The detailed principles of CPC scalability are explained in the dedicated section below.
Scalability comparison
| Feature |
Traditional Chromatography
(HPLC/Flash/Prep Column) |
CPC
(Centrifugal Partition Chromatography) |
|---|---|---|
| Scalability | Non-linear, limited by pressure, peak broadening, resin capacity | True linear scalability (Kd-driven), reproducible at any scale |
| Stationary Phase | Solid resin; clogs, fouls, degrades; expensive to replace | No solid phase; nothing to pack, clog, or degrade |
| Peak Shape at Scale | Peak broadening & overlap at larger columns | Peak shape preserved; consistent resolution |
| Cost (OpEx) | High: resin cost, repacking, downtime, disposal | Low: reusable solvents; no resin or packing costs |
| Throughput | Limited by column pressure & bed height | High throughput; scalable by volume or parallel units |
| Maintenance | Routine repacking, column cleaning, resin regeneration | Minimal: no media, no bed compression, low downtime |
| Contamination/Fouling Risk | High; bed fouling, channeling, clogging | Very low; liquid–liquid system self-cleans |
| Method Transfer | Difficult; changes in geometry → new behavior | Easy; Kd constant across all scales |
| Environmental Impact | Resin waste, high solvent use | No solid waste; solvent recycling possible |
Scale-Up with CPC: Volumetric scaling
Larger CPC rotors enable the processing of significantly higher sample volumes per run, as they accommodate proportionally greater injection loads and higher flow rates. This directly increases throughput and overall product yield. RotaChrom’s product portfolio spans R&D, pilot, and industrial-scale rotor sizes, allowing users to progress seamlessly along one technology platform.
Because CPC separations are governed by a robust liquid–liquid mechanism that behaves consistently across all rotor volumes, a method optimized on a small system can be scaled up predictably with minimal adjustment. This makes CPC particularly advantageous for industrial-scale purification when the separation is inherently robust and scalable.
A major factor behind this predictable scale-up is CPC’s true linear scalability. Since the technique relies exclusively on liquid–liquid partitioning, the partition coefficients (Kd) of compounds remain constant across different rotor sizes.
CPC also offers substantially lower operating costs. Because the stationary phase is a liquid rather than a resin, there is no need for solid media purchases, no fouling, and no regeneration cycles. Each extrusion step refreshes the system automatically, minimizing downtime and OpEx.
Seamless scale-up
Increased yield via a larger rotor
Consistent resolution and purity
Direct solvent-system transfer
Same partitioning principle across all scales
Scale-Out with CPC: Horizontal Scaling
When single-unit scale-up reaches its natural limits, CPC offers a powerful alternative: horizontal scale-up, also known as scale-out. In this configuration, multiple CPC rotors operate in parallel, each running the same validated solvent system and method.
This parallel strategy—often referred to as CPC farming—allows production capacity to be expanded simply by duplicating a proven method across multiple rotors, while maintaining identical retention behavior and selectivity.
Scale-out is especially useful when throughput is the bottleneck, when compounds are present at low concentration, or when uninterrupted operation is required. One unit can operate while another undergoes maintenance, ensuring continuous production.
By enabling modular capacity growth with low CAPEX and OPEX, CPC scale-out provides a resilient and efficient pathway to industrial purification.
Scale Out
Parallel CPC units increase throughput by duplication of a validated method without altering separation behavior.
Scale Up
Larger rotor volumes enable higher injection loads and flow rates while preserving resolution and purity.
Technology and Method Transfer in CPC
In traditional chromatography, technology transfer is a complex process because scaling introduces changes in packed columns, resin behavior, pressure limits, and equipment design. In CPC, these challenges do not exist. Since CPC uses a liquid–liquid separation mechanism with no solid stationary phase, the core technology remains identical across all system sizes.
For this reason, CPC relies primarily on method transfer, not full technology transfer. A method developed on a small R&D unit can be applied directly to pilot or industrial CPC systems, using the same solvent system, operating principles, and separation behavior. Scaling up or scaling out simply means using a larger rotor or running multiple rotors in parallel—without changing the method itself.
CROs and CMOs can also perform CPC method transfer easily, as the separation profile is reproduced reliably on any CPC instrument with minimal or no redevelopment work. A standard workflow—including feasibility assessment, solvent system selection, laboratory runs, and documentation—produces a validated method that translates predictably to full-scale manufacturing.
CPC therefore reduces technology transfer from a complex engineering challenge to a simple, reproducible, and low-risk method translation within the broader downstream process.
CPC Method Transfer – From Idea to Industry
One method. Seamless transition from lab to production.
IDEA
Define the purification challenge and identify the target compound or impurity.
GOAL DEFINITION
Set clear objectives for purity, yield, throughput, and production scale.
METHOD DEVELOPMENT
Design the chromatographic process and perform initial lab-scale runs.
METHOD OPTIMIZATION
Refine flow rates, injection volumes, and fraction timing for best performance.
SCALE-UP / SCALE-OUT
Transfer the same validated method to production-scale CPC systems with full reproducibility.